What is it called when an atom becomes lopsided due to a negatively charged object being attracted to the protons of a neutral object?

• A. Electron capture
• B. Ionization
• C. Electric polarization
• D. Conduction

Answer: (C)

When a neutral object is placed near a negatively charged object, the electrons in the neutral object shift away from the negative charge while the protons on the near side are pulled slightly toward it. This creates a temporary separation of charge within the neutral object, with the near side becoming more positive and the far side more negative. This rearrangement without any net transfer of charge is called electric polarization. It’s different from ionization (which would remove electrons and create charged particles) or conduction (which involves actual movement of charge from one object to another). Electron capture isn’t relevant here, as it’s a different atomic process that changes the number of electrons.